滤芯的工作机理是以筛除作用为主还是以吸附作用为主取决于滤层的厚度。滤层相对较薄的滤芯主要是筛除作用;而滤层较厚的滤芯则以吸附作用为主。滤芯的精度取决于滤层孔隙的大小，但在同样大小孔隙的情况下，吸附作用的过滤精度远大于筛除作用，因此在油田以吸附作用为主的深的滤芯实际应用得较多。

　  但以吸附作用为主的滤芯反洗较难，脱附是这种滤芯反洗的关键，既取决于滤材对悬浮物的吸附强度，也取决于滤层孔隙的大小。如果把滤层孔隙状态在过滤时与反洗时保持不变的滤芯称为固定孔隙过滤器，而把在反洗时能改变过滤时孔隙状态的过滤器称为非固定孔隙滤芯，则固定孔隙过滤的反洗要比非固定孔隙过滤困难得多。

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